Details of the etiology and pathology of hepatitis

In our lives, many people know that hepatitis is due to the virus on the liver after the impact of a disease. But because of the difference in the way the liver is transmitted, it will cause many types of hepatitis to appear. So what are the types of hepatitis? Look at the expert introduction!
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Hepatitis A: usually transmitted through fecal contaminated food or water. It does not cause chronic liver disease, the risk is relatively small. The spread of hepatitis A virus and improper food processing, exposure to sick family members, sharing toys at day care centers, raw shellfish that grow in contaminated water (such as the occurrence of hepatitis A in Shanghai due to raw hair clam).
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Hepatitis B: is the most widely disseminated viral hepatitis. The virus can be transmitted by the mother to the child at birth and after birth for some time. Pathogens can also spread across adults and children to infect the entire family. Hepatitis B virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, and intravenous drug users sharing syringes. About one-third of hepatitis B cases can not determine the source of infection.
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Most patients with hepatitis B can be fully recovered, only a small number of patients can not get rid of the disease, and the development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis patients may be carriers of the virus, that is, even if their symptoms have completely disappeared, the virus can be spread to other people. Only 1% or 2% of patients died of the disease.
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Hepatitis C: generally transmitted through blood or contaminated needles. Although the symptoms caused by hepatitis C are mild or no symptoms, 20% to 30% of chronic carriers progress to cirrhosis within 10 years. The disease can be transmitted through the blood transfusion, but recently carried out the inspection method has made such cases greatly reduced. Approximately one third of the patients had an ominous route of infection.
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Hepatitis D: only in patients who have been infected with hepatitis B, and have increased the trend of the disease. It can be transmitted through mother to child or through sexual contact. This type of hepatitis is the most common in type 5 viral hepatitis, but it is also the most dangerous, because there are two diseases at the same time at work.
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Hepatitis: Similar to hepatitis A, this disease is often transmitted through contaminated feces and does not cause chronic hepatitis. The risk of this type of hepatitis is slightly higher than that of hepatitis, especially for pregnant women.
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Alcohol, poisoning and drug-related hepatitis: can cause the same symptoms and liver damage with viral hepatitis. This type of hepatitis is not caused by invasive microbes, but by long-term excessive drinking, ingestion of toxic substances in the environment or misuse of certain drugs.
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For many patients with hepatitis, in the treatment of time, be sure to know what type of hepatitis, and then according to the doctor's advice and their condition, choose the most scientific and effective treatment in order to allow patients to restore the liver health status. I hope the above description will help you.

What are the susceptible populations of hepatitis?

Because of our living environment is different, the way of life is not the same, so people's system has a big difference. The difference between physical and mental differences is different from the premise of different diseases, so our daily life of different people on the resistance of different diseases is very different. So, people's resistance to hepatitis is not the same, which people are more susceptible to the disease?
1, obese. Obese people subcutaneous adipose tissue fat decomposition, causing fat deposition in the liver.

2, addicted to alcohol. Alcohol in the liver for catabolism, can lead to decomposition of fatty acids and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the more alcohol, the more easy accumulation of intrahepatic fatty acids, the more likely to lead to alcoholic fatty liver.
3, the elderly. With age, people's metabolic function gradually decline, the amount of exercise is also reduced, the chance of fat calm also increased. At the same time in the elderly suffering from endocrine diseases are more, such as diabetes can cause metabolic disorders, and ultimately the accumulation of fat in the liver.
4, hi who are dirty Many young people often family gatherings, friends dinner, eat too much high-fat foods, will increase the burden on the liver, liver uptake of fat, synthesis increased, or transport, the use of reduced, it will lead to accumulation of liver fat.
5, less moving. Long-term exercise will lead to excess nutrients in the body into fat, these fat deposited in the skin, the performance of obesity, accumulation in the liver, the performance of fatty liver.
6, hungry. Often hungry people, due to lower blood sugar, liver tissue fatty acids are transferred into the blood, so that the free fatty acids in the blood can cause liver fat accumulation.
7, malnourished. Due to lack of protein, which led to the reduction of very low density lipoprotein synthesis, resulting in liver transport triglycerides when the obstacles occur, so that fat accumulation in the liver.
8, hepatitis. Due to excessive feeding, exercise reduction, combined with liver function has not yet fully recovered, easily lead to fat accumulation in the liver.
Above is the susceptible population of hepatitis, in real life, due to the factors that affect people's health there are many, and sometimes a disease may also be caused by a variety of factors caused by the common. For these vulnerable groups, it is recommended that we must do a good job in preventive work, more exercise to enhance their resistance.

What are the common causes of hepatitis?

Hepatitis is a disease that occurs in the liver, and it has many different categories, in which viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis are two common types of common. Virus in China is more common, different from the virus caused by different hepatitis, it is not the same way of transmission, the following I will tell you about the common cause of hepatitis.
1, pessimistic irritability: some hepatitis patients worry about the condition of persistent healing, fear will become chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even evolved into liver cancer, or distress in people to avoid or discriminate against them, and thus long-term emotional depression, impatient, which not only Will make the disease worse, and even cause treatment failure.

2, tired: tired after the disease: the liver is the body of the body and the storage of energy storage of the main places, "thermal power station," said. After the occurrence of hepatitis, liver capacity and energy storage capacity decreased significantly, if the body is still due to severe exercise or labor consumption of excessive energy, is bound to increase the burden on the liver, adverse condition improved, and even lead to disease progression.
3, alcohol: alcohol on the liver has a significant toxic effect, and the extent of liver damage and its alcohol content is proportional to the level. The original no liver disease, long-term drinking will lead to liver disease, even the occurrence of "alcoholic cirrhosis."
4, with the liver drug: tetracycline, erythromycin, Remiffer, rifampicin, methyldopa, double vinegar phenol, sulfonamides, anesthetics and many other drugs will increase liver damage. Usually used as antipyretic analgesic aspirin, paracetamol, etc., also toxic to the liver.
5, medication too much: chronic course of long, and currently on the market a wide range of hepatitis drugs, and the effect is not more accurate. Patients treated eager, easy to take a variety of hepatitis drugs or increase the dose, that this can "strengthen" the effect.
6, raw or semi-raw aquatic products: the transmission of hepatitis A is a typical "fecal - mouth spread." Contains hepatitis A virus sewage in the water system in the free flow, easy to infect shellfish and other aquatic organisms. With the improvement of living standards, due to raw half-eat seafood and infected with hepatitis A patients are more and more.
Through the above content we can see that the common causes of hepatitis are pessimistic irritability, fatigue, drinking, with liver drugs, medication too much, raw or semi-raw food products, hope to have more than a threat to the risk of friends to pay more attention to their own body, Regularly go to the hospital to do the relevant checks, and actively prevent the occurrence of hepatitis.

What are the causes of hepatitis

As the society continues to progress, people do not pay attention to their own health situation, we must pay attention to it not to infect the family, infected with hepatitis disease, which is a difficult treatment of the disease, our patients must Be vigilant, do not let this disease cause harm to our body, we come to see what the disease can cause hepatitis, hoping to give you help!

1. Other viruses caused by hepatitis more common for the EB virus caused by infectious mononucleosis, adult cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, rubella virus, measles virus, yellow fever virus, human immunodeficiency Virus and coxsackievirus B group can cause liver damage and similar to the performance of hepatitis, but each have its own clinical features, serum pathogen examination can be identified.
2. other liver and gallbladder diseases such as fatty liver, drug-induced liver damage, ethanol liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis, toxic hepatitis, hepatolenticular degeneration and cholelithiasis and other diseases need to identify The
3. can cause elevated ALT and liver and spleen of the diseases and drugs such as typhoid, typhus, malaria, Chinese clonorchiasis, Brucellosis, chronic schistosomiasis, malignant histiocytosis, systemic Lupus erythematosus, leukemia, hepatic amyloidosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and drug-induced liver damage.
4. bacterial infection caused by liver damage such as sepsis, toxic shock, lobar pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, tuberculosis, pleurisy, liver tuberculosis and liver abscess.
5. Various factors caused by congestion liver such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, horse side syndrome, heart failure and Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by congestion liver.
6. Digestive diseases such as acute and chronic gastritis, stomach and duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and some intestinal parasites can cause a slight increase in ALT, should also pay attention to identification.
7. Severe hepatitis and acute fatty liver, tetracycline acute fatty liver, severe jaundice hemorrhagic leptospirosis, drug-induced liver damage and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice.
8. jaundice patients still need to hemolytic jaundice, various types of congenital non-hemolytic jaundice (such as Dubin-Jehnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, etc.) identification.
Above is about causing some of the diseases of hepatitis, we must pay attention to life, our patients in life must have a good mental state, do not have too much temper, try to keep yourself a good state, positive The face of our lives, every day a reasonable sleep time, so that our recovery will be a great help, I wish you all good health!

What is the route of transmission of hepatitis?

In order to better prevent hepatitis and timely treatment of hepatitis, our first task is to understand what the symptoms of hepatitis. And, a clear understanding of the clinical manifestations of hepatitis can also timely medical treatment, the doctor can also be observed according to the patient's clinical symptoms, the development of treatment programs, after all, the human body is individual differences, although the same disease, occurred in different Individuals will also have different reactions, and their methods are naturally different.

Medical hepatitis can be divided into a, B, C, Ding, E, He, G seven types, of which hepatitis B is the most popular, the most serious of a kind of infectious hepatitis.

Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) is caused by hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B virus) caused by liver inflammatory damage, the disease throughout the world.

Clinical manifestations of fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tired of oil, diarrhea and abdominal distension, some cases of fever, jaundice, about half of patients with occult onset, found in the examination.

Hepatitis B virus infection in the human body, widely present in the blood, saliva, vaginal secretions, milk, semen, etc., mainly through the blood, sexual contact, close contact with the spread, so the incidence of hepatitis B family.

But not every infected person will become hepatitis B patients, which is infected with the number of viruses, virulence and infection and other factors are closely related to each person's physical fitness, immune response state, but also in the hepatitis B disease and course of the turn Plays an important role. So patients infected with hepatitis B virus may appear after the following results: no disease and produce protective hepatitis B surface antibody, long-term chronic asymptomatic carriers, mild chronic hepatitis, severe hepatitis.

People suffering from hepatitis

1, obese. Obese people subcutaneous adipose tissue fat decomposition, causing fat deposition in the liver.

2, addicted to alcohol. Alcohol in the liver for catabolism, can lead to decomposition of fatty acids and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the more alcohol, the more easy accumulation of intrahepatic fatty acids, the more likely to lead to alcoholic fatty liver.

3, the elderly. With age, people's metabolic function gradually decline, the amount of exercise is also reduced, the chance of fat calm also increased. At the same time in the elderly suffering from endocrine diseases are more, such as diabetes can cause metabolic disorders, and ultimately the accumulation of fat in the liver.

4, hi who are dirty Many young people often family gatherings, friends dinner, eat too much high-fat foods, will increase the burden on the liver, liver uptake of fat, synthesis increased, or transport, the use of reduced, it will lead to accumulation of liver fat.

5, less moving. Long-term exercise will lead to excess nutrients in the body into fat, these fat deposited in the skin, the performance of obesity, accumulation in the liver, the performance of fatty liver.

6, hungry. Often hungry people, due to lower blood sugar, liver tissue fatty acids are transferred into the blood, so that the free fatty acids in the blood can cause liver fat accumulation.

7, malnourished. Due to lack of protein, which led to the reduction of very low density lipoprotein synthesis, resulting in liver transport triglycerides when the obstacles occur, so that fat accumulation in the liver.

8, hepatitis. Due to excessive feeding, exercise reduction, combined with liver function has not yet fully recovered, easily lead to fat accumulation in the liver.

Hepatitis is also contagious, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Ding liver and other transmission channels are mainly several aspects:

1, mother and child vertical transmission: China's existing HBsAg positive about 140 million people, of which 85% through mother to child transmission. Vertical transmission is the main reason for the spread and high incidence of hepatitis B in China. There are also a few fathers who spread. Mother-to-child transmission is mainly through birth canal infection or intrauterine infection.

2, blood or blood products spread: HBV contamination of blood products such as albumin, platelets or blood transfusion to the recipient, the majority will occur after transfusion of hepatitis, in addition to hemodialysis, renal dialysis will also be infected with HBV.

3, iatrogenic transmission: HBV contamination of medical equipment (such as scalpels, dental drill, endoscopy, laparoscopy, etc.) can spread HBV.

4, close contact within the family: mainly refers to sexual contact, daily life close contact (as with a toothbrush, towels, cups and chopsticks), are likely to be infected with HBV. HBV can penetrate the mucous membrane into the body in close contact.

5, public places, barbershop, beauty salons and other vulnerable to HBV contamination, such as baths, razors, etc. can be infected with HBV.

Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are mainly transmitted through the fecal mouth.

After a clear understanding of the clinical manifestations and transmission of hepatitis, our biggest task is to carry out prevention, the so-called know ourselves, know yourself is the truth. If we do not even know how the disease is caused by hepatitis, do not understand what symptoms of hepatitis disease patients will appear, then we can not start the treatment, because it is because we do not understand, so often we have not When the disease is found and the condition is delayed, it may even have deteriorated. So we have to monitor the concept of their own body at any time.

Hepatitis you know what type it is

Hepatitis is accompanied by our life, it is closely related to our lives, it always threatens our physical and mental health. But it's a wide variety of ways to spread, so that we can not be prevented. Its type you know how much? Then I will interpret the type for you. as follows:

Currently recognized at least five kinds of hepatitis virus, namely, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV),

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

Hepatitis A is a type of acute infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Clinical manifestations of acute onset, chills, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function. Some cases of jaundice, asymptomatic cases of infection are more common, generally not to chronic and pathogen carrying state

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a genus of liver virus. The complete HBV particles were first found by Dane in the sera of hepatitis B virus infected patients, so called Dane granules. Dane particles are spherical, diameter of 42nm, with double capsid. The outer shell of the virus, the equivalent of the general virus envelope, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) that is embedded in the coated lipid bilayer, the internal electronic density of a larger core structure, was 20-dimensional stereospecific symmetry, Diameter of about 27nm, the surface of the virus is the underwear shell, underwear shell protein also has antigenicity, as the core antigen of HBV (HbcAg). After exposure to the enzyme or detergent, it exhibits e antigen (HBeAg) with different antigenicity. HbeAg in the body can be secreted and exist in the serum, and HbeAg is only present in the infected liver cell nucleus, generally rarely exist in the serum circulation. HBV core structure of the internal, containing DNA and DNA polymerase. DNA is not completely circular double shares, one of which is a single strand, the length of a single strand in the virus can be different, but not more than half of the full length of the gene. The long strand of viral DNA is negative. While the shorter strand is a positive stock, the virus has a special DNA polymerase, both RNA can be used as a template for transcription of DNA reverse transcriptase function, but also the function of synthetic DNA.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

1, acute hepatitis C: adult acute hepatitis C is relatively mild, the majority of acute non-jaundice hepatitis, ALT-based, a small number of acute jaundice hepatitis, jaundice for mild or moderate increase. Can appear nausea, loss of appetite, general weakness, urine yellow eyes and other performance. Hepatitis C virus infection rarely causes liver failure. In the natural state, only 15% of the patients were able to spontaneously clear HCV to heal, and in the absence of antiretroviral intervention, 85% of patients developed chronic hepatitis C; children with acute hepatitis C virus , 50% can spontaneously remove HCV.

2, chronic hepatitis C: mild symptoms, manifested as common symptoms of hepatitis, such as fatigue, poor appetite, abdominal distension and so on. Can also be without any symptoms. ALT repeated test, HCV RNA continued positive. 1/3 of chronic HCV infection has been normal liver function, anti-HCV and HCV RNA continued positive, liver biopsy showed chronic hepatitis, and even found cirrhosis.

3, hepatitis C cirrhosis: infection HCV 20 - 30 years 10% to 20% of patients can develop cirrhosis, 1% to 5% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can lead to death. Cirrhosis once the decompensation situation, such as jaundice, ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, etc., the survival rate is sharply reduced.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Hepatitis D virus is a defective virus, the completion of its biological cycle depends on the help of hepatitis B virus, so hepatitis D can not exist alone, must be in the presence of HBV to infection and cause disease, thus , Hepatitis D and hepatitis B to overlap infection or infection in the form of the existence of its transmission and hepatitis B similar to the prevalence of infection in southwestern China, HBsAg positive in the population of Dinggan infection rate of more than 3% Humans are generally susceptible to HDV.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

HEV is a single stranded positive strand RNA virus, spherical, diameter 27 ~ 34nm without capsule, nucleocapsid was icosahedral three-dimensional symmetry. At present, it is not possible to organize tissue culture in vitro, but chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys, African green monkeys, marmosets are sensitive to HEV and can be used to isolate viruses. HEV in the alkaline environment is stable, magnesium, manganese ions exist in the case of maintaining its integrity, sensitive to high heat, boiling can be inactivated. (ORF1) at the 5 'end (about 2kb) is a non-structural protein gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence, ORF2 is located in the 3' (About 2kb) is a major part of the structural protein, which can encode the nucleocapsid protein. ORF3 is overlapped with ORF1 and ORF2 (369bp in length) and is a viral structural protein gene that encodes a virus-specific immune response antigen.

Cause 10 major causes of acute hepatitis

Suffering from acute disease is painful, it is dangerous, if not timely treatment, the disease is very easy to have the patient's life. Experts, acute hepatitis is an acute disease, its severity is not known to harm the lives of patients with safety. So, what is the cause of acute hepatitis? Here, let's take a look at it.
1, misuse or abuse of drugs: hepatitis patients due to seek treatment eager, often believe that advertising, taking a variety of traditional Chinese medicine preparations; some long-term use of "recipe", "prescription"; some medication does not meet the indications, hard indiscriminate use; Repeated the use of the so-called liver medicine; some mistakenly believe that traditional Chinese medicine has no side effects, no choice of casual use. The liver in these messy, complex drug formation under the influence of chemical reactions, inflammation and poisoning situation is getting heavier, liver damage is increasing, which is the cause of hepatitis.
2, change the environment: the patient in the well-established soon after, to change the original living habits and living environment, such as travel, travel, etc., due to living environment, changes in soil and water conditions, resulting in environmental disorders and abnormal liver function, which is hepatitis The cause.
3, seasonal changes: the incidence of hepatitis seasons vary, spring and summer seasons prone to hepatitis, autumn and winter hair of the relatively few, the probability of the four quarters of liver power fluctuations are.
4, overwork: overwork (including heavy physical labor and mental work), can damage the body's relatively balanced immune status, promote hepatitis B virus replication increased, increased liver burden, leading to the cause of hepatitis. Excessive fatigue are the following: long trek, stay up all night, the spirit of high tension, work pressure is too large, mood swings, rage and brawl and intercourse too frequent and so on.
5, diet section: hepatitis diet should be light, nutrient-rich food-based, to avoid eating greasy, fried, spicy food, these foods are difficult to digest, will increase the burden of gastrointestinal, sweet and sour taste of goods, easy Stagnation of the stomach, into the hot and humid, damage the spleen and stomach, induced hepatitis attack. Drinking is one of the main causes of hepatitis etiology, alcohol oxidation in the liver, the formation of harmful substances acetaldehyde, can directly damage the liver, so hepatitis patients must be banned.
6, the virus: the virus is much smaller than the bacteria microbial, its main feature is to copy more viruses. Once the liver cells into the virus can grow and multiply. The main goal of hepatitis virus is to enter the liver cells, copy more hepatitis virus and destroy cells, move and attack adjacent liver cells. At present there are at least five different viruses, can specifically cause viral hepatitis (viral hepatitis) caused by a variety of hepatitis virus to liver disease-based an infectious disease, clinical loss of appetite, nausea, Upper abdominal discomfort, liver pain, fatigue as the main performance.), These viruses are called hepatitis virus.
7, autoimmune: when the body's immune system can not identify their own organs, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. When the immune system tries to "get rid of alien invaders", the organ is also attacked. When the attacked organ counterattack, it will produce inflammation.

8, obesity: obesity will affect health, such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. But few people know that obesity can also seriously affect the liver. Fat excess fat when deposited in the liver, leading to inflammation, that is, steatohepatitis. Obesity is only one of the many causes of hepatitis.
9, alcohol: we all know that alcohol will damage the liver. Excessive drinking will cause liver inflammation, that is, alcoholic hepatitis. There are many additional factors, such as: female, genetic defects, diet, hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection, can increase the damage to alcohol on the liver.
10, drugs and herbs: other causes of liver damage, some drugs and herbs can lead to acute and chronic liver inflammation. This particular type of hepatitis, known as drugs or toxins caused by hepatitis.
Understand the causes of the disease, is conducive to our better to prevent the disease measures, more conducive to the disease we early rehabilitation. The above is a brief introduction to the causes of acute hepatitis, you through our explanation, whether it has a comprehensive grasp of it? Finally, we hope you can stay away from the disease, have a happy life.